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Preparation and properties of flexible electrode materials from polyaniline-based composite conductive hydrogel
Abstract
Flexible supercapacitors have many advantages, such as fast charging speed, long cycle life, and higher energy density than conventional capacitors, making them a promising energy storage and energy supply device in flexible electronic devices. Flexible electrode materials are a key link and an important component of flexible supercapacitors. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel has a three-dimensional network structure, which has strong flexibility and can maintain a large mechanical deformation; conductive polyaniline (PANI) has promising applications in electrode materials due to its high theoretical pseudocapacitance and reversible doping/dedoping mechanism; graphene oxide (GO) has attracted much attention because it is rich in a variety of oxygen-containing functional groups and can be easily compounded with other materials. In this paper, polyaniline was used as conductive active material, and PVA/PANI/GO hybrid hydrogel (PPG) was used as flexible substrate. A high-performance polyaniline-based composite conductive hydrogel PVA/PANI/GO-PANI (PPG-P) was prepared by a simple secondary induced assembly in situ polymerization method, and PPG-P was used as an electrode material to assemble a flexible supercapacitor PPG- P-SC.
A high-performance composite hydrogel PPG-P with a two-level conductive network was fabricated by a secondary induced assembly in situ polymerization method. First, a special primary conductive network with the function of inducing aniline self-assembly was constructed by using the intermolecular interaction force of PANI, PVA and GO and the cross-linking between PVA and GA, and the substrate hybrid hydrogel (PPG) was prepared; then, using PPG as the substrate, under the induction of the primary conductive network, aniline self-assembled on its backbone and polymerized in situ to construct the secondary conductive network of polyaniline. The primary conductive network and the PANI secondary conductive network interwove to form a PPG-P with a two-level conductive network. The process conditions of the preparation process were optimized, and the optimized conditions for the preparation of PPG hydrogels were as follows: the mass ratio of GO to PANI () was 1:4.5, the total mass of the two was 3 mg, the required amount of 15wt% PVA solution was 500 μL, and the amount of glutaraldehyde cross-linking agent was 250 μL, 1 vol%. The optimal conditions for aniline polymerization were as follows: the polymerization temperature was 0 °C, the molar ratio of monomer to oxidant was 1:1, and the optimal monomer concentration was 0.01 mol·L-1, and 70wt% phytic acid was used as doping acid, and its dosage was 300μL.
In this paper, the simple secondary induced assembly in situ polymerization method provided a new idea for the good combination of hydrogels and conductive polymers, which significantly improved the specific capacitance and cycling stability of conductive hydrogels. The electrode material (PPG-P) synthesized by this method with both high electrochemical performance and excellent mechanical properties has great development potential in the application of flexible energy storage devices.
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